Register now for CordaCon 2022, taking place in-person in London this September 27-28!
When it comes to new initiatives that Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) can support, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is one gaining considerable importance in our ever-changing economy. With a stark decline in cash usage due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial that we reconsider the instruments and methods by which we transact. Still, digital currencies issued by central banks raises a number of questions, ranging from deciding the scenarios in which such changes are desirable, to how they can effectively be implemented.
Our recent webinar–featuring 12 leading experts participating in the most advanced CBDC projects in the world–provides extensive insight into the future of CBDCs. This post highlights the key takeaways from our webinar, helping you to visualize what the future of currency could look like.
Who is Responsible for CBDC: the Public or Private Sector?
A crucial aspect of CBDC is that it brings together core responsibilities held by the public sector with innovative technologies born out of the private sector–both worlds being governed by different outlooks and priorities. Tobias Adrian–Financial Counselor and Director of the Monetary and Capital Markets Department at the International Monetary Fund (IMF)–outlines the frictions and opportunities of this collaboration as he considers how the responsibility for delivering CBDC can be distributed.
Taken together, Tobias and Raphael Auer – Principal Economist in the Innovation and Digital Economy Unit at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)–illuminate four different models for CBDC operation. While Tobias focused his discussion on his proposal for a synthetic CBDC–where the private sector assumes the responsibility of CBDC issuance– Raphael focused on three architecture he has identified where the central banks itself issues the CBDC.
Regardless of the model chosen, there will still need to be significant collaboration between central banks and the private sector. Hanna Armelius addressed this, referencing her personal experience as a core policy adviser to Sweden’s Riksbank, which is testing its own retail CBDC dubbed the ‘e-krona’. With his uniquely broad perspective as part of the IMF, Tobias outlines three core challenges that central banks will face in partnering with the public sector on CBDC:
Interoperability of currency: This is significant as holders of different coins will require the ability to exchange with one another. Central bank enforcement of interoperability is also important for ensuring fair competition as private firms might attempt to consolidate their ecosystems by limiting the outward mobility of capital with ‘native-only’ tokens.
Bundling of coins with other platforms: Specific to synthetic CBDC, there is a risk that the bundling of coins with social media or other platforms may lead to unfair competition, as the value of the coin would reflect the success of the platforms. Thus, central banks must create regulation, supervision, and rules within CBDC licenses.
Payment system stability: Central banks must ensure that CBDC business models are resilient to macro-economic shocks.
How do we move forward with CBDC?
A key discussion during the webinar focused on how CBDC can be realistically brought into use. Sopnendu Mohanty – Chief Fintech Officer at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) – spoke of progression with urgency, declaring: “No more experiments, because the path to production is very clear.” He claims that the technology (for wholesale CBDC) is ready; the last element needed is the central banks’ decision to move forward.
Central banks still have several concerns that they wish to investigate before reaching finality. Nino Landerer – Deputy Head of Banking Operations Analysis at the Swiss National Bank (SNB) – shares his own reservations and details the experimentation that SNB is undergoing.
For example, it remains uncertain how central bank money may be introduced into a DLT platform without introducing risks. To address this question, SNB is trialling both issuing central bank money onto the DLT platform itself and integrating the DLT platform into the existing Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system.
Additionally, it must be ensured that the new architecture is interoperable with the old central bank non-blockchain infrastructure, other blockchain platforms and other currencies. Nino clarifies that questions of interoperability require not only technical solutions, but standards, jurisdictions and legal aspects. He claims that it is important to set rules to ensure fair cooperation from the very beginning of the process. On the other hand, Sopnendu asserts that focusing on interoperability at this early stage will only delay progression; all that is needed at this point is taxonomy between parties and standards, and the rest will follow.
How can we ensure financial inclusion with CBDCs?
Another critical subject discussed during the webinar is the ability of CBDC to mitigate conditions currently exacerbating wealth inequality. Our expert panel considered how CBDC will impact developing countries, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to ensure wide access of currency.
Can CBDC help to bridge inequalities?
Lotte Schou-Zibell – Regional Director for the Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office at the Asian Development Bank – clarifies that CBDC can be an enabler of financial inclusion, but may not solve larger, more systematic issues such as wealth inequality. In principal, CBDC motivates wider access to means of payment yet, there are several elements impeding this.
As Konstantin Peric – Deputy Director of Financial Services for the Poor at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation – highlights, not everyone is equipped with smartphones, which serve as prerequisites for tokenized currencies.
Lotte stresses that over 1.7 billion are without banks and 1 billion more do not have IDs – these issues need to be solved before CBDCs are even relevant for a large portion of the world. As so many people are offline, CBDCs must have an offline function too. Konstantin highlights that there must be interoperability between the largely account based currency of developing countries and the tokenized currency of CBDC.
Clearly, for CBDC to reach people with lesser infrastructure and make a positive impact, other issues of inequality must be solved. The role that CBDC can play across the world is highly dependent on the positions of individual countries and government policies. In this project, the public and private sectors must work hand in hand to make crucial progressions in the world’s economy.
Final takeaways
The ‘Building CBDC’ webinar highlighted many important challenges and opportunities surrounding the growing possibility of CBDC in productions. However, each conversation warrants its own in-depth discussion. While the future is within reach, it is just as clear how many more discussions of this sort need to continue to take place.
Interested in finding out more?
R3 is hosting a CBDC Working Group which kicks off on September 7 2020 – email cbdc@r3.com for more information.
Download the full recording of the webinar here.
Share
Sign up for our flagship newsletter, The R3 Ledger, to receive the latest R3 news, updates and content. View all our newsletters here.
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
__cfruid | session | This cookie is set by the provider Cloudflare. This cookie is used for load balancing and for identifying trusted web traffic. |
__cfruid | session | This cookie is set by the provider Cloudflare. This cookie is used for load balancing and for identifying trusted web traffic. |
__cfruid | session | This cookie is set by the provider Cloudflare. This cookie is used for load balancing and for identifying trusted web traffic. |
_biz_flagsA | 1 year | A Cloudflare cookie set to record users’ settings as well as for authentication and analytics. |
_biz_pendingA | 1 year | A Cloudflare cookie set to record users’ settings as well as for authentication and analytics. |
_biz_sid | 30 minutes | This cookie is set by Bizible, to store the user's session id. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_ga | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. |
_ga_1ECB5XX5W0 | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. |
_ga_1ECB5XX5W0 | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. |
_ga_1ECB5XX5W0 | 2 years | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. |
_gat_UA-87760032-2 | 1 minute | This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. It appears to be a variation of the _gat cookie which is used to limit the amount of data recorded by Google on high traffic volume websites. |
_gat_UA-87760032-2 | 1 minute | This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. It appears to be a variation of the _gat cookie which is used to limit the amount of data recorded by Google on high traffic volume websites. |
_gat_UA-87760032-2 | 1 minute | This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. It appears to be a variation of the _gat cookie which is used to limit the amount of data recorded by Google on high traffic volume websites. |
_GRECAPTCHA | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
ARRAffinity | This cookie is set by websites that run on Windows Azure cloud platform. The cookie is used to affinitize a client to an instance of an Azure Web App. | |
ARRAffinity | 1 year | This cookie is set by websites that run on Windows Azure cloud platform. The cookie is used to affinitize a client to an instance of an Azure Web App. |
ARRAffinity | 1 year | This cookie is set by websites that run on Windows Azure cloud platform. The cookie is used to affinitize a client to an instance of an Azure Web App. |
cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-functional | 11 months | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-functional | 11 months | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-functional | 11 months | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checbox-others | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. |
cookielawinfo-checbox-others | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. |
cookielawinfo-checbox-others | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement | 1 year | Set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie is used to record the user consent for the cookies in the "Advertisement" category . |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". |
JSESSIONID | session | Used by sites written in JSP. General purpose platform session cookies that are used to maintain users' state across page requests. |
JSESSIONID | session | Used by sites written in JSP. General purpose platform session cookies that are used to maintain users' state across page requests. |
JSESSIONID | session | Used by sites written in JSP. General purpose platform session cookies that are used to maintain users' state across page requests. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 11 months | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 1 year | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 11 months | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 1 year | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 11 months | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
viewed_cookie_policy | 1 year | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
__cf_bm | 30 minutes | This cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. |
_biz_nA | 1 year | This cookie, set by Bizible, is a sequence number that Bizible includes for all requests, for internal diagnostics purposes. |
_biz_uid | 1 year | This cookie is set by Bizible, to store user id on the current domain. |
bcookie | 2 years | This cookie is set by linkedIn. The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. |
bcookie | 2 years | This cookie is set by linkedIn. The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. |
bcookie | 2 years | This cookie is set by linkedIn. The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. |
lang | session | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. |
lang | session | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. |
lang | session | This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. |
language | This cookie is used to store the language preference of the user. | |
language | 1 year | This cookie is used to store the language preference of the user. |
language | 1 year | This cookie is used to store the language preference of the user. |
lidc | 1 day | This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. |
lidc | 1 day | This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. |
lidc | 1 day | This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. |
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
_BUID | 1 year | This cookie is used to store a universal user ID to identify the same user across multiple clients' domains. |
_BUID | 1 year | This cookie is used to store a universal user ID to identify the same user across multiple clients' domains. |
_BUID | 1 year | This cookie is used to store a universal user ID to identify the same user across multiple clients' domains. |
_gcl_au | 3 months | This cookie is used by Google Analytics to understand user interaction with the website. |
_gcl_au | 3 months | This cookie is used by Google Analytics to understand user interaction with the website. |
_gcl_au | 3 months | This cookie is used by Google Analytics to understand user interaction with the website. |
_gd_session | 4 hours | This cookie is used for collecting information on users visit to the website. It collects data such as total number of visits, average time spent on the website and the pages loaded. |
_gd_svisitor | 2 years | This cookie is set by the Google Analytics. This cookie is used for tracking the signup commissions via affiliate program. |
_gd_visitor | 2 years | This cookie is used for collecting information on the users visit such as number of visits, average time spent on the website and the pages loaded for displaying targeted ads. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. |
_gid | 1 day | This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visted in an anonymous form. |
_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress | 30 minutes | No description available. |
_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress | 30 minutes | No description available. |
_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress | 30 minutes | No description available. |
_hjFirstSeen | 30 minutes | This is set by Hotjar to identify a new user’s first session. It stores a true/false value, indicating whether this was the first time Hotjar saw this user. It is used by Recording filters to identify new user sessions. |
_hjFirstSeen | 30 minutes | This is set by Hotjar to identify a new user’s first session. It stores a true/false value, indicating whether this was the first time Hotjar saw this user. It is used by Recording filters to identify new user sessions. |
_hjFirstSeen | 30 minutes | This is set by Hotjar to identify a new user’s first session. It stores a true/false value, indicating whether this was the first time Hotjar saw this user. It is used by Recording filters to identify new user sessions. |
_hjid | 1 year | This cookie is set by Hotjar. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
_hjid | 1 year | This cookie is set by Hotjar. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
_hjid | 1 year | This cookie is set by Hotjar. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
_hjIncludedInPageviewSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjIncludedInPageviewSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjIncludedInPageviewSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjIncludedInSessionSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjIncludedInSessionSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjIncludedInSessionSample | 2 minutes | No description available. |
_hjTLDTest | session | To determine the most generic cookie path that has to be used instead of the page hostname, Hotjar sets the _hjTLDTest cookie to store different URL substring alternatives until it fails. |
_uetsid | 1 day | This cookies are used to collect analytical information about how visitors use the website. This information is used to compile report and improve site. |
_uetsid | 1 day | This cookies are used to collect analytical information about how visitors use the website. This information is used to compile report and improve site. |
_uetsid | 1 day | This cookies are used to collect analytical information about how visitors use the website. This information is used to compile report and improve site. |
_ym_d | 1 year | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to store the date of the users first site session. |
_ym_d | 1 year | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to store the date of the users first site session. |
_ym_d | 1 year | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to store the date of the users first site session. |
_ym_isad | 20 hours | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to collect information about the user like his characteristics, behaviour on page and targeted actions. |
_ym_isad | 20 hours | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to collect information about the user like his characteristics, behaviour on page and targeted actions. |
_ym_isad | 20 hours | This domain of this cookie is owned by Yandex.Matrica. This cookie is used to collect information about the user like his characteristics, behaviour on page and targeted actions. |
_ym_uid | 1 year | This cookie is by Yandex.Metrica. This cookie is used to set a unique ID to the visitor and to collect information about how visitor use the website. Thus it help to track the user and the collected informationn is used to improve the site. |
_ym_uid | 1 year | This cookie is by Yandex.Metrica. This cookie is used to set a unique ID to the visitor and to collect information about how visitor use the website. Thus it help to track the user and the collected informationn is used to improve the site. |
_ym_uid | 1 year | This cookie is by Yandex.Metrica. This cookie is used to set a unique ID to the visitor and to collect information about how visitor use the website. Thus it help to track the user and the collected informationn is used to improve the site. |
attribution_user_id | 1 year | This cookie is set by Typeform for usage statistics and is used in context with the website's pop-up questionnaires and messengering. |
browser_id | 5 years | This cookie is used for identifying the visitor browser on re-visit to the website. |
CONSENT | 16 years 5 months 12 days 10 hours | These cookies are set via embedded youtube-videos. They register anonymous statistical data on for example how many times the video is displayed and what settings are used for playback.No sensitive data is collected unless you log in to your google account, in that case your choices are linked with your account, for example if you click “like” on a video. |
CONSENT | 16 years 5 months 12 days 10 hours | These cookies are set via embedded youtube-videos. They register anonymous statistical data on for example how many times the video is displayed and what settings are used for playback.No sensitive data is collected unless you log in to your google account, in that case your choices are linked with your account, for example if you click “like” on a video. |
CONSENT | 16 years 5 months 12 days 10 hours | These cookies are set via embedded youtube-videos. They register anonymous statistical data on for example how many times the video is displayed and what settings are used for playback.No sensitive data is collected unless you log in to your google account, in that case your choices are linked with your account, for example if you click “like” on a video. |
pardot | past | The cookie is set when the visitor is logged in as a Pardot user. |
pardot | past | The cookie is set when the visitor is logged in as a Pardot user. |
pardot | past | The cookie is set when the visitor is logged in as a Pardot user. |
sid | 1 year | The sid cookie contains digitally signed and encrypted records of a user’s Google account ID and most recent sign-in time. |
uid | 1 year | This is a Google UserID cookie that tracks users across various website segments. |
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
_fbp | 3 months | This cookie is set by Facebook to deliver advertisement when they are on Facebook or a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting this website. |
_fbp | 3 months | This cookie is set by Facebook to deliver advertisement when they are on Facebook or a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting this website. |
_fbp | 3 months | This cookie is set by Facebook to deliver advertisement when they are on Facebook or a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting this website. |
anj | 3 months | No description available. |
anj | 3 months | No description available. |
anj | 3 months | No description available. |
ANONCHK | 10 minutes | The ANONCHK cookie, set by Bing, is used to store a user's session ID and also verify the clicks from ads on the Bing search engine. The cookie helps in reporting and personalization as well. |
bscookie | 2 years | This cookie is a browser ID cookie set by Linked share Buttons and ad tags. |
bscookie | 2 years | This cookie is a browser ID cookie set by Linked share Buttons and ad tags. |
bscookie | 2 years | This cookie is a browser ID cookie set by Linked share Buttons and ad tags. |
fr | 3 months | The cookie is set by Facebook to show relevant advertisments to the users and measure and improve the advertisements. The cookie also tracks the behavior of the user across the web on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. |
fr | 3 months | The cookie is set by Facebook to show relevant advertisments to the users and measure and improve the advertisements. The cookie also tracks the behavior of the user across the web on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. |
fr | 3 months | The cookie is set by Facebook to show relevant advertisments to the users and measure and improve the advertisements. The cookie also tracks the behavior of the user across the web on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. |
i | 10 years | The purpose of the cookie is not known yet. |
i | 10 years | The purpose of the cookie is not known yet. |
i | 10 years | The purpose of the cookie is not known yet. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
IDE | 1 year 24 days | Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. |
MUID | 1 year 24 days | Used by Microsoft as a unique identifier. The cookie is set by embedded Microsoft scripts. The purpose of this cookie is to synchronize the ID across many different Microsoft domains to enable user tracking. |
MUID | 1 year 24 days | Used by Microsoft as a unique identifier. The cookie is set by embedded Microsoft scripts. The purpose of this cookie is to synchronize the ID across many different Microsoft domains to enable user tracking. |
MUID | 1 year 24 days | Used by Microsoft as a unique identifier. The cookie is set by embedded Microsoft scripts. The purpose of this cookie is to synchronize the ID across many different Microsoft domains to enable user tracking. |
NID | 6 months | This cookie is used to a profile based on user's interest and display personalized ads to the users. |
NID | 6 months | This cookie is used to a profile based on user's interest and display personalized ads to the users. |
NID | 6 months | This cookie is used to a profile based on user's interest and display personalized ads to the users. |
personalization_id | 2 years | This cookie is set by twitter.com. It is used integrate the sharing features of this social media. It also stores information about how the user uses the website for tracking and targeting. |
personalization_id | 2 years | This cookie is set by twitter.com. It is used integrate the sharing features of this social media. It also stores information about how the user uses the website for tracking and targeting. |
personalization_id | 2 years | This cookie is set by twitter.com. It is used integrate the sharing features of this social media. It also stores information about how the user uses the website for tracking and targeting. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
uuid2 | 3 months | This cookies is set by AppNexus. The cookies stores information that helps in distinguishing between devices and browsers. This information us used to select advertisements served by the platform and assess the performance of the advertisement and attribute payment for those advertisements. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 5 months 27 days | This cookie is set by Youtube. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
YSC | session | This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. |
yt.innertube::nextId | never | This cookie, set by YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. |
yt.innertube::requests | never | This cookie, set by YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. |
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
_an_uid | 7 days | No description available. |
_clck | 1 year | No description |
_clsk | 1 day | No description |
_hjSession_1646283 | 30 minutes | No description |
_hjSessionUser_1646283 | 1 year | No description |
_uetvid | 1 year 24 days | No description available. |
_uetvid | 1 year 24 days | No description available. |
_uetvid | 1 year 24 days | No description available. |
6suuid | 2 years | No description available. |
AnalyticsSyncHistory | 1 month | No description |
AnalyticsSyncHistory | 1 month | No description |
AnalyticsSyncHistory | 1 month | No description |
ARRAffinitySameSite | No description available. | |
ARRAffinitySameSite | 1 year | No description available. |
ARRAffinitySameSite | 1 year | No description available. |
bEkAYwpdRGcM | 1 day | No description |
bEkAYwpdRGcM | 1 day | No description |
bEkAYwpdRGcM | 1 day | No description |
BIGipServer~magenta~mag-c-http-http-xhttpd-http-xhttpd-http-80 | session | No description |
DCMpagecount | session | No description |
DCMpagecount | session | No description |
DCMpagecount | session | No description |
debug | never | No description available. |
gaCookie | 2 years | No description available. |
gaCookie_gid | 1 day | No description available. |
LEAfgqMGWpwUs | 1 day | No description |
LEAfgqMGWpwUs | 1 day | No description |
LEAfgqMGWpwUs | 1 day | No description |
li_gc | 2 years | No description |
li_gc | 2 years | No description |
li_gc | 2 years | No description |
lpv413292 | 30 minutes | No description |
lpv413292 | 30 minutes | No description |
lpv413292 | 30 minutes | No description |
m | 2 years | No description available. |
metrika_enabled | session | No description available. |
metrika_enabled | session | No description available. |
metrika_enabled | session | No description available. |
muc_ads | 2 years | No description |
SM | session | No description available. |
STYXKEY_formcomplete | 9 months 26 days | No description |
UserMatchHistory | 1 month | Linkedin - Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences. |
UserMatchHistory | 1 month | Linkedin - Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences. |
UserMatchHistory | 1 month | Linkedin - Used to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences. |
vary | 1 month | No description |
visitor_id413292 | 10 years | No description |
visitor_id413292 | 10 years | No description |
visitor_id413292 | 10 years | No description |
visitor_id413292-hash | 10 years | No description |
visitor_id413292-hash | 10 years | No description |
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
SRM_B | 1 year 24 days | Used by Microsoft Advertising as a unique ID for visitors. |